Sildenafil as a treatment for blood restriction fetal growth, systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an insufficient expression of the genetic potential for fetal growth, complicates 5-8% of pregnancies and represents high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Of multifactorial origin, it can be caused by pathologies at the maternal, fetal or placental level. The treatment is limited, opting for a rigorous follow-up with eventual interruption of the pregnancy according to evolution. Different therapeutic strategies have been used for its prevention and management, emerging sildenafil citrate (CS), inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, as a drug that could improve the uteroplacental blood flow and offer better perinatal results in fetuses with IUGR. A review of the available literature on CS as a treatment for IUGR is proposed. Method: A search was conducted for literature in English and Spanish. Out of 105 selected articles, 94 were excluded. The information obtained was classified and used as support for this review, following the PRISMA model. Results: We found 11 studies that contrast the use of placebo and CS in patients with IGR. Regarding birth weight gain, only two studies showed significant evidence. Forty cases of fetal/neonatal death associated with CS treatment were reported. Conclusions: Not enough evidence was found to justify the routine use of CS in IUGR cases. Studies with larger samples and subsequent meta-analysis are still necessary to confirm the benefit of this drug in terms of birth weight gain, prolongation of pregnancy and possible long-term adverse effects.