Diarrhea in returning Austrian tourists: Epidemiology, etiology, and cost-analyses

Abstract

Background: Between 1995 and 1997, stool samples of 322 Austrian tourists returning from abroad with diarrhea were examined for bacteria, parasites and viruses. Methods: Epidemiologic data were collected from information furnished by physicians and hospitals and from questionnaires. Moreover, testing expenses and additional cost for treated cases were evaluated. Results: In 97 of 322 patients examined (30%), one or more pathogens were detected in the stool. Bacteria were found in 38 patients (39%), parasites in 33 patients (34%) and viruses in 26 patients (27%). In 6 patients, mixed infections with parasites and viruses were detected and in 5 patients with bacteria and viruses. Among bacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was most frequent; among parasitic infections, Giardia lamblia. Significant correlations were established between the country of destination, age, travel style and length of stay. Forty-four percent of all patients visited Asia (including Turkey), 27% Africa, 18% Latin America, and only 10% southern Europe. The group between 20 and 29 years of age was most frequently affected (p