Development of methods of population's physical training by using various types of fitness based on body composition's accounting

Abstract

Purpose: bioimpedance analysis of body composition for the different age groups of population in order to choose an individual program of physical exercise. Materials and methods: Research was done in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Russia, Moscow) using body composition analyzer «InBody 720» and functional diagnostics «Esteck System Complex». Research takes into account physical indicators of 359 females and 460 males from 18 to 74 years old who do not practice any physical activities or do it occasionally. Results: The study identified substantial increase in fat component of women's body in a period of 29-34 years old-39,6%, in 46-55 years old it is critically increasing up to 51,2%. Females start feeling muscle weakness in period of 35-45 years old. In males group dynamic of fat component is on an ordinary level and even lower in a young age (18-28)-10,3%, 29-34 years old-18%, 35-45 years old-21,1%, 56-74 years old-24,4%. Most of the participants have satisfactory functional condition-70-90 points (max. 100). However, a low reaction level on an ordinary physical exertion was identified, as well as a poor level of reserved capacities of cardio-vascular and respiratory systems. Conclusion: To plan a fitness program it is necessary to consider such characteristics as age, sex, individual index of body composition and functional condition, individual preferences in types of physical exercises, indexes of hearth rate and blood pressure. While planning fitness training, it is necessary to take into account proportion between fat component and muscular component («fitness-points»), balance of energy.