Composición de masas corporales de bailarinas de ballet y atletas de elite de deportes estéticos de cuba

Abstract

The level of scenic beauty of the ballet dancer figurine is determined by a set of morphofunctional characteristics that are exclusively valid for this modality. Female ballet dancers and aesthetic sport athletes share the characteristic of being slim and of efficiently executing the complex movements of their technical activities. The objective of this study was to compare the body composition of female ballet dancers and elite female athletes participating in artistic gymnastics (AG), rhythmic gymnastics (RG), and synchronized swimming (SS). Thirty-two female ballet dancers of the National Ballet School and 63 elite aesthetic sport athletes from Cuba were studied. An anthropometric protocol consisting of 16 measures was applied to calculate the body composition indexes. Overall body fat percentage (BF) was significantly higher in dancers when compared to the AG and RG groups, but was similar to that of the SS group. Overall muscle mass percentage (MM) was significantly higher in the AG and RG groups than in dancers. The ballet group showed the minor differential PM-BF and muscular percentage of the transverse areas of the segments of extremities than the elite athlete groups. Differences in the body composition indexes were observed between the ballet group and the aesthetic sport groups. The results obtained indicate a lower efficiency of technical transitive movement in female ballet dancers.