Detrimental effects of microgravity on mouse preimplantation development in vitro

Abstract

Sustaining life beyond Earth either on space stations or on other planets will require a clear understanding of how the space environment affects key phases of mammalian reproduction. However, because of the difficulty of doing such experiments in mammals, most studies of reproduction in space have been carried out with other taxa, such as sea urchins, fish, amphibians or birds. Here, we studied the possibility of mammalian fertilization and preimplantation development under microgravity (μG) conditions using a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat, which faithfully simulates 10-3 G using 3D rotation. Fertilization occurred normally in vitro under μG. However, although we obtained 75 healthy offspring from μG-fertilized and -cultured embryos after transfer to recipient females, the birth rate was lower than among the 1G controls. Immunostaining demonstrated that in vitro culture under μG caused slower development and fewer trophectoderm cells than in 1G controls but did not affect polarization of the blastocyst. These results suggest for the first time that fertilization can occur normally under μG environment in a mammal, but normal preimplantation embryo development might require 1G. © 2009 Wakayama et al.