Bioactivity of fungi Trichoderma reesei associated with sponges Stylissa flabelliformis collected from National Park West Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Objective: In this study, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of ethyl acetate extract of fermented Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei)fungi associated with the sponge Stylissa flabelliformis (S. flabelliformis) was tested. Materials and Methods: Fermentation of T. reesei was carried out in the saboroud dextrosa saline broth. The fermented filtrate was extracted using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract was tested for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were performed to determine the metabolite classes of compounds responsible for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of T. reesei was active against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Eschericia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The ethyl acetate extract was also active against cancer cells T47D and Raji cells, with IC50 values of 270 and 470 µg mL-1, respectively. Conclusion: An ethyl acetate extract of Trichoderma reesei fermentations showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The compounds contained in the extract of T. reesei are terpenoids or phenyl propane derivatives.