Energy Assessment of Seawater Toilet Flushing in Qatar

Abstract

Seawater toilet flushing (SWTF) is an alternative water source that has been utilised in Hong Kong for economical water supply and demonstrated using other Asian case studies. Yet how the impact of SWTF translates to other regions with different water supply sources and wastewater discharge requirements remains unexplored. In this study, we look at SWTF for the water-scarce Middle East using Doha, Qatar as a case study. We demonstrate the importance of wastewater discharge conditions on the effectiveness of this technology and the role that corresponding water conservation efforts may play. Where water reuse is a baseline condition the effectiveness of SWTF is limited.