Metabolism of Macronutrients

Abstract

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) constitute the largest part of nutrition. Whereas proteins are suggested as building bricks of human body, lipids and especially carbohydrates are assumed to be sources of energy. However macronutrients are not solely sources of energy, but are also substrates necessary for many metabolic pathways important for growth and development and for regulatory processes and adaptation. During disease states all macronutrients are important for protection against injury or microbial invasion (inflammation and immune reaction), proper wound healing, and successful recovery after disease, including full rehabilitation. This chapter provides information about basic functions of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in organism and diet.