Retrograde plasma membrane-to-Golgi apparatus transport

Abstract

Traffic between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus includes multiple routes, which are parts of the biosynthetic-secretory system, of the endocytic system, and of circuits allowing the recycling of molecules from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus, and vice versa from the Golgi apparatusto cell surfaces, both from and to apical, and basolateral cell surface areas (for review e.g. Bonifacino and Rojas 2006; de Matteis and Luini 2008; Farquhar and Palade 1998; Maxfield and McGraw 2004; Pelkmans et al. 2005; Sannerud et al. 2003; Starr et al. 2007). None of these transport routes can be seen separately, since multiple connections and crossing areas exist. This chapter focuses on the retrograde routes from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus. With reference to the main topic of the book, it deals particularly with the influences of retrograde transport on the Golgi apparatus organization and architecture. The Golgi apparatus not only is a central station in the traffic of the biosynthetic system, and takes up newly synthesized membranes and contents coming from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at the cis side of its stacks but receives input from the endocytic system as well (for review e.g. Berger 1985; Farquhar and Hauri 1997; Glick 2000; Malhotra and Mayor 2006; Marsh and Howell 2002; Mellman and Warren 2000; Pavelka et al. 2008; Pelham and Rothman 2000; Puthenveedu and Linstedt 2005; Rodriguez-Boulan and Musch 2005; Roth 1997; Storrie 2005). Endocytic import into the Golgi apparatus mainly takes place at the trans side of the stacks, where an endocytic trans-Golgi network (endocytic TGN) is formed, parts of which subsequently become integrated into the stacks of Golgi cisternae. The organization and architecture of the Golgi apparatus is influenced in response to endocytic flow; it is one of the main questions, how these changes mutually influence the other Golgi functions and dynamics. Harmful substances, such as plant and bacterial toxins, are known to travel routes that involve the Golgi apparatus (for review e.g. Sandvig and Van Deurs 2005). Furthermore, the Golgi apparatus is particularly interesting for the development of strategies for targeted drug delivery to the interior of cells (for review e.g. Tarrago-Trani and Storrie 2007).