Histopathologic Features of Breast Tissue from Transgender Men and Their Associations with Androgen Therapy

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the histopathologic features of breast tissue of transgender men (TM) undergoing gender-Affirming bilateral mastectomies in relation to androgen therapy (AT). Methods: We reviewed 374 transgender bilateral mastectomy cases from 2017 to 2020. Of these, 314 (84.4%) patients received preoperative AT. We compared these with 127 cases of cisgender females undergoing elective breast reduction. Results: Breast specimens from TM on AT, compared with cisgender women, showed a median higher gross percentage of fibrous tissue (P