Role of slip and fracture in the oscillating flow of HDPE in a capillary

Abstract

Certain polymers exhibit two distinct branches in their capillary flow curves (wall shear stress versus apparent wall shear rate). This gives rise to oscillatory flow in constant-piston-speed rheometers and to flow curve hysteresis in controlled-pressure rheometers. These curious phenomena have attracted considerable interest over a period of many years, but their basic mechanisms are still the subject of debate. Building on previous work we have developed a model that predicts all the essential features of the curves of pressure and flow rate versus time in the oscillatory flow regime. Fluid compressibility and the second branch of the flow curve are necessary features of the model, but fluid elasticity is found not to be an essential element. While our macroscopic measurements do not prove it conclusively, our data lead us to believe that on the high-flow-rate branch of the flow curve there is slip along a cylindrical fracture surface near the wall. The jump to the high-flow branch occurs when this fracture occurs, at an upper critical value of the shear stress, while the jump back to the low-flow branch occurs when adhesion is established at the fracture surface at a lower critical shear stress.