Alternative energies in transport in the context of energy transitions

Abstract

Alternative energies in transport are essential to advance toward a low-carbon economy. Besides the transport sector is responsible for a high share of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Nevertheless, in the energy transition processes, little has been done concerning transport. However, during the last years, European institutions have developed quite an abundant number of rules to foster different energy alternatives for road transport. There are different energy alternatives, with distinct economic and environmental characteristics. As alternative energies infrastructure seems to be relevant to achieve the penetration of alternative energies, the last section of the document shows the present situation of energy alternatives vehicles and infrastructure development for some European countries.