Respiratory complications and management after adult cardiac surgery

Abstract

The respiratory system's primary function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide as part of metabolism. This is accomplished by moving blood and air into approximation in the alveoli through mass action driven by the heart and lung. The physical properties of the heart and lung dictate how the respiratory system functions and can dysfunction in pathologic states. These principles inform evidence-based strategies for mechanical ventilation and the rationale for treating frequently encountered respiratory complications following cardiac surgery.