Comparative characteristics of early-onset vs. late-onset advanced colorectal cancer: a nationwide study in China

Abstract

Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC, diagnosed in patients under the age of 50 years) has been increasing around the world. Here, we aimed to systematically identify distinctive features of EOCRC. Methods: From 2020 to 2021, we conducted a nationwide survey in 19 hospitals, collecting data on advanced CRC patients’ demographics, clinical features, disease knowledge, medical experiences, expenditures, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We compared these features between EOCRC and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC, ≥ 50 years old) groups and analyzed the association between EOCRC and HRQOL using multivariate linear regression. Findings: In total, 991 patients with EOCRC and 3581 patients with LOCRC were included. Compared to the LOCRC group, the EOCRC group had higher levels of education, were more informed about the risk factors for CRC, were more likely to have widespread metastases throughout the body, were more inclined to undergo gene testing, and were more likely to opt for targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, HRQOL in the EOCRC group was similar to that of the LOCRC group, and no significant association was observed between EOCRC and HRQOL (beta: -0.753, P value: 0.307). Interpretation: In Chinese patients, EOCRC patients had more aggressive features. Despite undergoing more intensified treatments and gene testing, they had similar HRQOL compared with LOCRC. These findings advocate for a more tailored approach to treatment, especially for young CRC patients with advanced TNM stages and metastasis.