The Role of Regulations and Policy in Wetland Loss and Attempts at Reclamation

Abstract

The Alberta Government requires that industry uses its wetland reclamation “Guideline” when preparing wetlands for reclamation certification, yet the “Guideline” contains no criteria for certification of reclaimed wetlands. By failing to define ecological criteria, the government's wetland certification process lacks scientific credibility and ecological rigor. Given the absence of a science-based wetland reclamation certification system, regulatory approvals as they pertain to wetland reclamation are unenforceable, and government and industry statements to the effect that wetlands have been reclaimed are unsubstantiated. The government's view that “a cautious and responsible approach” is being taken towards reclamation is not supported by science. Review of policy and evidence leads to several conclusions: (1) Regulations do not prevent large and irreversible habitat loss. (2) Regulations do not prevent extirpation or endangerment of species. (3) Large and irreversible impacts to water, soil, air, and biota are deemed to be in the public interest by regulators. (4) Regulatory approvals do not provide specific guidance or define the ecological conditions that would certify a wetland as reclaimed. (5) The Government of Alberta possesses no plot data pertaining to wetland vegetation. (6) Government has sanctioned and facilitated the loss of wetlands prior to the scientific description and documentation of those wetlands. (7) Habitat loss and wetland degradation will continue for the foreseeable future unless scientifically determined management criteria are established and enforced.