Enhanced Production of Organosulfur Bioactive Compounds in Cell Suspension Culture of Single Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Using Precursor Feeding

Abstract

Precursor feeding in cell suspension culture is one of the effective strategies used to induce plant bioactive compounds. The effect of feeding different glutathione precursors on cell suspension growth and organosulfur production in cell suspension of single garlic (Allium sativum L.) was investigated. The establishment of suspension culture was carried out by transferring callus to liquid MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg/L 2.4 D and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The addition of glutathione precursor up to 15 mM on the culture media increased the cell suspension biomass and the accumulation of organosulfur compounds. The highest fresh weight (2.691 ± 0.006g), dry weight (1.738 ± 0.007g), settled cell volume (15% ± 0.0), and growth index (1.69 ± 0.006) were obtained from a media with 10 mM glutathione addition. HPLC analysis revealed 30 types of organosulfur compounds in the cell suspension culture of single garlic. The highest 12 essential organosulfur bioactive compound was detected from the media augmented by 12.5 mM glutathione (3 to 4 fold than the control). The docking molecular visualization results toward the ligands acting as a substrate with the targeted protein in the alliin biosynthesis through glutathione pathway showed interactions in the ligand-protein complex. Feeding glutathione is an effective means to increase the production of organosulfur bioactive compounds in single garlic cell suspension.