Análisis microestratigráficos de recubrimientos corporales de una momia Chinchorro, extremo norte de Chile

Abstract

Results of a methodology applied for the physicochemical characterization of the layers of a coated body of a Chinchorro mummy are presented. Using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (μXRD) we confirm that the plaster that covers individuals is composed of different painted layers, prepared based on clays and mineral pigments. The decorations covered by new layers of paint show an intentional act of re-painting, which is interpreted as potential rites of care for and re-signification of the dead. This raises new questions about the role played by the dead and ancestors in the rites, ceremonies and daily life of the Chinchorro society of archaic hunters, gatherers and fishermen (7,000-3,500 BP) from the coastal Atacama Desert.