Metformin in Combination with Progesterone Improves the Pregnancy Rate for Patients with Early Endometrial Cancer

Abstract

Objective. To study the therapeutic effects of metformin in combination with medroxyprogesterone in the early endometrial cancer patients with fertility requirements. A total of 120 patients with early endometrial cancer admitted to and treated in our hospital were enrolled and evenly assigned into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens, namely, metformin group (metformin combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate) and control group (medroxyprogesterone acetate alone). The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 71.7% (43/60) and 90.0% (54/60) in the metformin group and 53.3% (32/60) and 78.3% (47/60) in the control group, respectively. Adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reaction, headache, and insomnia were mainly observed in patients. The body mass index (BMI) declined from (34.43 ± 4.34) kg/m2 to (24.77 ± 2.39) kg/m2 in the metformin group and from (33.37 ± 4.49) kg/m2 to (31.28 ± 3.55) kg/m2 in the control group after treatment. After treatment, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin-2 (Ang-2), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and CA19-9 in the metformin group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P = 0.005, P < 0.001, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001). During follow-up, the pregnancy rate was 81.7% (49/60) in the metformin group and 61.7% (37/60) in the control group, and the former was prominently higher than the latter (P = 0.025). Metformin in combination with progesterone is effective in treating early endometrial cancer patients with fertility requirements, which significantly reduced the BMI of patients and increased the pregnancy rate after treatment.