Nanobody-Based Blocking of Binding ELISA for the Detection of Anti-NS1 Zika-Virus-Specific Antibodies in Convalescent Patients

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Abstract

Zika virus has spread around the world with rapid pace in the last five years. Although symptoms are typically mild and unspecific, Zika’s major impact occurs during pregnancy, generating a congenital syndrome. Serology plays a key role in its diagnosis. However, its use is limited due to the uncertainty caused by the cross-reaction of antibodies elicited in response to other flavivirus infections when tested in direct immunoassays. Using a panel of previously generated anti-Zika non-structural protein 1 (NS1) nanobodies, a set was selected that only recognizes epitopes present in Zika and is immunogenic to humans. A proper arrangement of these nanobodies was made and conditions were optimized in order to develop a novel serology assay. This new ELISA relies on the inhibition of the binding of a set of selected nanobodies to Zika-immobilized NS1 when previously incubated with Zika convalescent sera. Using the developed blocking of binding assay, it was possible to discriminate between Zika-specific and cross-reactive antibodies in serum samples from infections with Zika and other flaviviruses.

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Delfin-Riela, T., Rossotti, M. A., Mattiuzzo, G., Echaides, C., & González-Sapienza, G. (2023). Nanobody-Based Blocking of Binding ELISA for the Detection of Anti-NS1 Zika-Virus-Specific Antibodies in Convalescent Patients. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010055

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