Biotechnology for Green Future of Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

A scarcity of water supply and inadequate wastewater treatment combined with intensified industrial activity have led to increased contamination in lakes, rivers, and other water bodies in developing countries. Nevertheless, some common techniques for wastewater treatment are not practicable for developing countries. The biotechnological approach is considered an important tool for wastewater treatment. The biological method is the method of choice for nutrient removal from wastewater because of its low cost and environmentally friendly. Also, it can be respected as a dynamic force for integrated environmental protection that leads to sustainable development. In this chapter, we show the useful tools of biotechnology to wastewater treatment such as activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, media filters, anaerobic treatment, biosorption, biocatalysts, soil biotechnology, and hydroponic system that are feasible in the context of the developing countries in addition to the role of the genetic engineering in this context.