Role of phytohormones in recuperating salt stress

Abstract

Plant hormones are the chemical compounds that naturally synthesize in plants, regulating growth and different physiological metabolisms at the location away from its site of synthesis and work in low concentration. Plants are frequently affected with several abiotic stresses, among them being salt stress as the prime factor that reduced agricultural production. Salt in the soil water generally hinders the metabolism by decreasing the capability of plant to absorb water. The extreme concentration of salt moves to the plant through transpiration process that results into cell wounding which significantly disturbs the transpiration and leads to osmotic stress. Crop plants are required to adapt to adverse external stress generated by environmental conditions with their native biological mechanisms defeated which their growth, development, and productivity endure. Plant hormones are chemical messengers and act as signal compounds; their intricate hormone signaling systems and capability to crosstalk make them perfect candidates for facilitating defense responses. Plants have developed mechanisms that recognize the stress signal, promote optimum growth response, and adapt to adverse environmental conditions and play pivotal roles in facilitating the plants to acclimatize against salinity stress. This chapter summarizes various roles and mechanisms of phytohormones for salinity stress resistance in various plant systems.