Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia according to FAB classification: Analysis of 35 cases

Abstract

Thirty-five patients who fulfilled the FAB diagnosis criteria of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), i.e., myelodysplastic features, monocytosis over 109/liter, bone marrow monocyte infiltration, blast cells <5% in the peripheral blood and <30% in the bone marrow, are analyzed. CMML appears as an entity distinct from myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. Splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with monocytes and granulocytic cells in all stages of development, increased blood and urine isozyme levels without renal failure, and polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia are its main clinical and biologic features. With conventional cytotoxic drugs (6-mercaptopurine, hydroxyurea), the prognosis of CMML appears poor (median survival 475 days). None of the clinical hematologic or biologic parameters tested had a significant effect on prognosis. As other chemotherapy trials seemed necessary, we recently administered small doses of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) to 6 patients over several consecutive days and obtained a complete remission in 4. These preliminary results must be confirmed by larger series using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the FAB cooperative group.