Fertilizer Encapsulation to Support Food Security: Review

Abstract

Food security consists of four main pillars such as food availability, food access, food utilization, and food stability. Increased food production is the most important factor because it is sufficient to meet everyone's food needs. Food availability is associated with the modification and efficiency of fertilizer use that is the focus of this article. The efficient use of fertilizers has an impact on increasing crop production. Conventional fertilizers are easily dissolved in water and are only absorbed by 18-20%; the rest is transported by water flow or settles in the soil causing water pollution and disturbance to soil structure. Low absorption efficiency causes a decrease in crop production and can be a problem for food security. Low absorption efficiency causes a decrease in crop production and can be a problem for food security. The solution is to create a controlled fertilizer release technology (CRF). Nutrients are released from the CRF can be optimally absorbed by plants, thereby increasing productivity and reducing the risk of environmental pollution. CRF technology can save energy, time and operating costs. This review article is a technology of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) that supports food security.