Progress in monitoring and modelling estimates of nitrogen deposition at local, regional and global scales

Abstract

This chapter discusses the status and progress of activities around the world to measure and model dry and wet deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr), i.e. the final removal processes from the atmosphere, at the local, regional and global scales. It gives an overview of present status and developments in networks and techniques for measuring deposition of Nr. We describe recent developments in the modelling of emissions and deposition, and finish by giving research and policy recommendations regarding N-deposition measurement and modelling, including the need for;an increase in the number of regional-scale, long-term monitoring sites for the routine measurement/estimation of wet and particularly dry deposition worldwide;an increase in the number of N species routinely measured, especially dissolved organic N (DON), ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2);global and regional models to improve their estimation of dry deposition and their resolution, especially in situations with complex topography.