Acne-Associated Syndromes

Abstract

Introduction: Acne, a chronic inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous unit, is characterized by comedones, pustules, papules, nodules, cysts, and scars. It affects nearly 85% of adolescents. High sebaceous gland secretion, follicular hyperproliferation, high androgen effects, propionibacterium acnes colonization, and inflammation are major pathogenic factors. Systemic disease or syndromes that are associated with acne are less commonly defined. Therefore, these syndromes may not be usually recognized easily. Research methods: Acne-associated syndromes prove the nature of these diseases and are indicative of pathogenesis of acne. Polycystic ovary (PCOS), synovitis-acne-pustu-losis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO), hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN), pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne (PAPA), pyo-derma gangrenosum-acne vulgaris-hidradenitis suppurativa-ankylosing spondylitis (PASS), pyoderma gangrenosum-acne conglobate-hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH), seborrhea-acne-hirsutism-androgenic alopecia (SAHA), and Apert syndromes are well-known acne-associated syndromes. Endocrine disorders (insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism, etc.) can be commonly seen in these syndromes, and there are too many unknown factors that must be investigated in the formation of these syndromes. Conclusion-key results: If we are aware of the component of these syndromes, we will recognize those easily during dermatological examination. Knowledge of clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms of these syndromes will help us to understand acne pathogenesis. When acne pathogenesis is explained clearly, new treatment modalities will be developed.