The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the toxic effects of papaverine hydrochloride and its metabolites. Primary cell cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated with papavarine (papaver), 3′-O-desmethyl (3′-OH), 4′-O-desmethyl (4′-OH), and 6-O-desmethyl (6-OH) papaverine at 1×10 -5, 1×10 -4, and 1×10 -3M for 4,8, 12, and 24-h periods. Cell injury was determined by: a) cell viability using the trypan blue exclusion test; b) cytosolic enzyme leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase; c) morphologic alterations; and d) lactate: pyruvate (L:P) ratios. Cell cultures showed concentration-and time-dependent responses. For example, a decrease in cell viability and an increase in enzyme leakage were observed after cell treatment with 1×10 -4 and 1×10 -3M papaver for 8 h; 1×10 -3M 6-OH papaverine for 8 h and 1×10 -4M for 24 h; and 1×10 -3M 4′-OH papaverine for 24 h (P<0.05). Furthermore, changes in morphology correlated to cell viability and enzyme release in those cultures treated with papaver, 4′-OH and 6-OH papaverine. Some of these changes included size deformation, cell detachment from the dishes, and cell necrosis. On the other hand, an increase in L:P ratios (P<0.05) was detected with papaver as early as 8 h with 1×10 -4 and 1×10 -3M and 12 h with 1×10 -5M; 6-OH showed an increase, in L:P ratios at 8 h with 1×10 -3M and 12 h with 1×10 -4M; these changes were evident with 4′-OH at 12 h with 1×10 -3M. In contrast, cells treated with 3′-OH papaverine did not show significant damage with any time period and concentration used in this study. The results of this study indicate that papaverine-derived metabolites are less cytotoxic than its parent compound, papaver. The toxicity was ranked as follows: papaver>6-OH>4′-OH>-3′-OH. © 1990 Tissue Culture Association.
CITATION STYLE
Davila, J. C., Reddy, C. G., Davis, P. J., & Acosta, D. (1990). Toxicity assessment of paraverine hydrochloride and papaverine-derived metabolites in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, 26(5), 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02624095
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