Functions of MVs in inter-bacterial communication

Abstract

Bacterial communication depends on small molecules that are released into the environment and are perceived by other cells. Many of the bacterial communication molecules are hydrophobic and thus have a poor solubility in water. While it is well established that such molecules serve as bona fide signal molecules, very little is known on how these molecules travel in aqueous environments. In this chapter we will summarize the evidence that hydrophobic signals can be released by bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs), which also serve as vehicles for signal dispersal. Given that the signals are concentrated in MVs, which can target specific cell types, a new binary signaling mechanism has been proposed that is different from the classic diffusion-based signaling model. This has important implications on how bacteria communicate in natural aqueous habitats.