Fermented lingonberry juice's effects on active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study

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Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to study the effects of fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ) as a mouthwash on the levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI). We hypothesized that FLJ rinsing could reduce inflammation (aMMP-8 and BOP) and microbial load (VPI) in the oral cavity, especially around dental implants. Materials and Methods: A clinical pilot study was performed using FLJ as a mouthwash. The inclusion criteria were at least one dental implant in the anterior or posterior areas with a screw-retained crown. Ten participants used 10 ml of mouthwash twice a day for 15 days, and 10 participants served as the control group. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) were used to measure aMMP-8 levels in the PISF, and BOP and VPI were recorded at the beginning of the trial and after 15 and 30 days. Results: The FLJ mouthwash had a reductive effect on aMMP-8, VPI, and BOP in the mouthwash group; however, there was no significant difference compared to the control group. The difference in VPI and BOP levels between the groups diminished after the lingonberry regimen ended. The decrease in aMMP-8 levels appeared to continue even after discontinuation of the mouthwash regimen. Conclusion: The reduction in the amount of plaque, aMMP-8, and BOP by FLJ was promising and continuous considering the relatively short study period and sample size. FLJ is a natural and safe supplement for oral and dental implant home care. Further studies are required to verify these promising results.

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Lähteenmäki, H., Tervahartiala, T., Räisänen, I. T., Pärnänen, P., & Sorsa, T. (2022). Fermented lingonberry juice’s effects on active MMP-8 (aMMP-8), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible plaque index (VPI) in dental implants—A clinical pilot mouthwash study. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 8(6), 1322–1330. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.638

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