Tooth-bleaching: Mechanism, Biological Aspects and Antioxidants

Abstract

ForschenSciOpen HUB for Scientific ResearchInternational Journal of Dentistry and Oral HealthOpen AccessCopyright: © 2015 Perchyonok VT et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ISSN 2378-7090Volume: 1.3Review ArticleTooth-bleaching: Mechanism, Biological Aspects and Antioxidants V Tamara Perchyonok1 and Sias R Grobler21VTPCHEM PTY LTD, Glenhuntly, 3163, Australia2Oral and Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South AfricaReceived date: 02 May 2015; Accepted date: 09 June 2015; Published date: 16 June 2015.Citation: Perchyonok VT, Grobler SR (2015) Tooth-bleaching: Mechanism, Biological Aspects and Antioxidants. Int J Dent Oral Health 1 (3): doi http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2378-7090.116Copyright: © 2015 Perchyonok VT et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.*Corresponding author: V Tamara Perchyonok, Vtpchem Pty Ltd, Glenhuntly, 3163, Australia, E-mail: tamaraperchyonok@gmail.comIntroductionTooth discoloration varies in etiology, appearance, localization, severity, and adherence to tooth structure. It may be classied as intrinsic, extrinsic, and a combination of both [1]. Intrinsic discoloration is caused by incorporation of chromatogenic material into dentin and enamel during odontogenesis or aer eruption. Exposure to high levels of uoride, tetracycline administration, inherited developmental disorders, and trauma to the developing tooth may result in pre-eruptive discoloration. Aer eruption of the tooth, aging, pulp necrosis, and iatrogenesis are the main causes of intrinsic discoloration. Coee, tea, red wine, carrots, oranges, and tobacco give rise to extrinsic stain [2]. Wear of the tooth structure, deposition of secondary dentin due to aging [2] or as a consequence of pulpnecrosis, or as a consequence of pulp inammation, and dentin sclerosis aect the light-transmitting properties of teeth, resulting in a gradual darkening of the teeth.Scaling and polishing of the teeth remove many extrinsic stains. For more stubborn extrinsic discoloration and intrinsic stain, various bleaching techniques may be attempted. Tooth bleaching can be performed externally, termed night guard vital bleaching or vital tooth bleaching, or intracoronally in root-lled teeth, called non-vital tooth bleaching. e aims of the present review article are to review critically the literature on the biological aspects of tooth bleaching, including ecacy and side-eects of such treatments. (PDF) Tooth-bleaching: Mechanism, Biological Aspects and Antioxidants. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281415584_Tooth-bleaching_Mechanism_Biological_Aspects_and_Antioxidants [accessed Nov 23 2018].