The pathogenesis of murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system

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Abstract

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that causes an acute encephalomyelitis that later resolves into a chronic fulminating demyelinating disease. Cytokine production, chemokine secretion, and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system are critical to control viral replication during acute infection. Despite potent antiviral T-lymphocyte activity, sterile immunity is not achieved, and MHV chronically persists within oligodendrocytes. Continued infiltration and activation of the immune system, a result of the lingering viral antigen and RNA within oligodendrocytes, lead directly to the development of an immune-mediated demyelination that bears remarkable similarities, both clinically and histologically, to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. MHV offers a unique model system for studying host defense during acute viral infection and immune-mediated demyelination during chronic infection. © 2010 by Begell House, Inc.

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Hosking, M. P., & Lane, T. E. (2010). The pathogenesis of murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. Critical Reviews in Immunology. Begell House Inc. https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevimmunol.v30.i2.20

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