Indonesia energy security concept to improve sustainability of new and renewable energy utilization in Indonesia with quintuple helix model: 4A+1S for national defense

Abstract

The scarcity issues of fossil fuels prompted the government to formulate and establish a National Energy Policy (Law No. 79/2014), which targets that by 2025 the national energy needs of 23% will be met by new and renewable energy (NRE). Meanwhile, the condition of NRE utilization in Indonesia is still low, which is around 9%. A qualitative approach is a methodology used in this paper. The data used are secondary. The result shows that the development of the diversity of NRE utilization in each region in Indonesia based on the availability of potential local energy resources. The Concept of Energy Security (4A+1S: Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, Sustainability) in a quintuple helix model can optimize the use of NRE. It can increase the triple helix model of National Defense (Sovereignty, Integrity, and Safety), improving the roadmap and the role of local content mapping. Both are based on geographical, demographic, and lifestyle of the community, so that it can use as a reference in the plan to develop national long-term diversity of energy use of local and national government.