Serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetes mellitus in kurdish patients

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and cytokines show a vital role in the T2DM progress. The goal of this research was to assess serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphism in T2DM in Kurdish patients. Levels of serum IFN-γ and TNF-α were assessed through enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in individuals with T2DM and the control group. DNA was extracted and the amplification refractory mutational system method was utilized for genotyping the IFN-γ (+874) A/T and TNF-α (-308) G/A. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated with the x2-test. The IFN- γ serum levels were significantly different between patients with T2DM and control individuals (P<0.05). But the C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α serum levels were not significantly different between them (P>0.05). The serum level of IFN- γ (+874) AT genotype and TNF-α (- 308) GG genotypes were significantly higher in the T2DM group comparing with healthy people (P<0.05). A significant relation between T2DM and IFN-γ (+874) gene polymorphism's TT and AT genotypes was observed. Also, it was not a significant relation between TNF-α (-308) gene polymorphism's GG and GA genotypes and T2DM. But the statistically significant difference was found in the genotype AA frequency. Genetic polymorphisms of IFN-γ (+874) and TNF-α (-308) are contributed to the genetic susceptibility for T2DM development in the Kurdish population. Early screening of these two genetic polymorphisms may assist in the early control and management of T2DM.