Adolescent sleep duration: associations with social-cognitive determinants and the mediating role of sleep hygiene practices

Abstract

Insufficient sleep duration among adolescents is a widespread public health problem. Gaining better insight into social-cognitive determinants associated with adolescent sleep duration is necessary for developing effective preventive interventions to support healthy sleep. This study aimed to explore whether social-cognitive determinants regarding sufficient sleep duration were associated with sleep duration, and if these associations were mediated by collective sleep hygiene practices. Furthermore, we examined these associations for social-cognitive determinants related to not using media before bedtime and doing relaxing activities and considered whether these associations were mediated by specific sleep hygiene practices. Data were collected amongst second- and third-grade adolescents from 10 Dutch high schools. A total of 878 adolescents (mean [SD] age 13.3 [0.71] years) completed data on sleep duration, social-cognitive determinants of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (i.e., attitude, subjective norms from parents, subjective norms from peers, perceived behavioural control, intention), and sleep hygiene practices. Single- and multivariable path models were constructed and mediation by sleep hygiene practices was analysed by Monte Carlo simulation. All social-cognitive determinants except for subjective norms from peers were associated with longer sleep duration (p < 0.01). Sleep hygiene practices mediated all associations between social-cognitive determinants and sleep duration (mediation ranging from 16% to 72%). Although some of the significant associations and mediation disappeared in the multivariable model, behavioural arousal was the strongest mediator, but collective sleep hygiene practices and cognitive/emotional arousal also explained parts of the associations. The findings indicate that social-cognitive factors should not be overlooked when targeting adolescent sleep duration.