Anal intraepithelial neoplasia screening in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Abstract

Introduction: the incidence of anal cancer has increased in recent years, making screening and early detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) a necessity in patients at risk. Methods: a descriptive observational study of homosexual patients (MSM) or women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, included in an AIN detection screening program was carried out between March 2016 and September 2019. Results: we have performed 695 anal smears, 156 with results of LSIL (low-grade lesion) or HSIL (high-grade lesion) (22.4 %), and 116 high resolution anoscopy (HRA), 75.3 % of patients with altered cytology. We have 403 biopsies, being 84 % pathological, 197 biopsies of AIN I (49 %), 96 of AIN II and III (24 %), 44 condylomas (11 %) and the rest (16 %), normal mucosa. Conclusion: the high prevalence of premalignant lesions and the improvement in the staging of lesions after treatment recommend this protocol.