The Making of Eskimo Policy in Canada, 1952-62: The Life and Times of the Eskimo Affairs Committee

  • Clancy P
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Abstract

During the 1950s, a decade of socioeconomic turbulence in the arctic area of Canada, the Eskimo Affairs Committee played a significant role in shaping a new set of policy initiatives that Ottawa was framing toward Eskimos. In bringing together representatives of the major arctic field organizations, both public and private, the committee served as a corporatist device for overcoming the limitations of a colonial and underdeveloped state. The members gained a formal avenue of consultation, and a limited power of veto, over the new policy initiatives being framed by the Department of Northern Affairs. The northern administration gained a source of intelligence from several well-established arctic organizations, at a time when the department's own field presence was still embryonic. The committee considered a variety of issues, including the commercial relations of Eskimo trapping, the case for a new field administration, proposals for expanded credit channels and measures to extend the scope of wage employment and small manufacturing. Ultimately it was the need for more conventional channels of popular representation, along with the enlarged capacities of the northern administration, that led to the committee's demise. Nevertheless, the record of the committee's activities offers an unusual reflection of a development administration in the making. &SUME. Au cours des anndes cinquante, qui furent une ddcade d'agitation socio-dconomique dans la partie arctique du Canada, le comitk des affaires esquimaudes a joud un r6le pdponddrant dans I'dlaboration de nouvelles politiques qu'Ottawa destinait aux Esquimaux. En regroupant des reprdsentants des grands organismes B la fois publics et privds oeuvrant dans 1' Arctique, le comitd servait de mdcanisme corporatif pour surmonter les limitations d'un dtat colonis6 et sous-ddvelopp6. Ses membres gagnkrent une voie Mgale pour se faire entendre et un pouvoir de vdto limit6 sur les nouvelles politiques que le ministkre du Nord canadien dtait en train de cder. L'administrationnordique gagna une source d'information constitude pardiverses organisations bien dtablies dans la dgion arctique, B un moment ob la pdsence m6me du ministkre dans la dgion n'en dtait encore qu'i M a t embryonnaire. Le comitk examina des questions d'ordres divers, comprenant les relations commerciales de la trappe esquimaude, la pertinence d'une administr?tion locale, des propositions pour faciliter le crddit et des mesures visant B accroitre le champ des emplois salaries et de la fabrication B petite dchelle. A la fin, ce fut le besoin d'obtenir des voies de repdsentation populaire plus conventionnelles, joint B des capacitds accmes de I'administration du grand Nord, qui menkrent B la disparition du comitd. I1 n'en reste pas moins que le registre des activitks du comitd offre un reflet inhabituel d'une administration dans son processus de dation. Mots clds: administration, politique kconomique, affaires esquimaudes du Canada, politique Traduit pour le journal par Ndsida Loyer.

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APA

Clancy, P. (1987). The Making of Eskimo Policy in Canada, 1952-62: The Life and Times of the Eskimo Affairs Committee. ARCTIC, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1766

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