Systematic review on the genetic factors associated with skeletal Class II malocclusion

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to review studies evaluating the role of genetics in skeletal class II malocclusion. Objective: To assess the scientific evidence associating the role of genes in skeletal class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A complete search across the electronic database through PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, BMC and manual hand search of orthodontic journals were done till May 2019. The keywords for the search included: 'Genetics', 'class II malocclusion', 'maxillary prognathism', 'mandibular retrognathism'. Data Collection and Analysis: Studies were selected based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 11 cross-sectional studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for the role of genes in skeletal class II malocclusion. Almost all the studies except for one revealed a positive correlation of genes with skeletal class II malocclusion. Conclusions: Out of the 11 studies included, a positive correlation of the genes with the skeletal II malocclusion was found in 10 studies. Genes FGFR2, MSX1, MATN1, MYOH1, ACTN3, GHR, KAT6B, HDAC4, AJUBA were found to be positively linked to skeletal class II malocclusion.