Acute viral meningitis

Abstract

Acute infections of the nervous system are among the most important problems in medicine because early recognition, efficient decision-making, and rapid institution of therapy can be lifesaving. Although acute viral meningitis has usually a benign course, it requires hospitalization in some patients. The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has allowed the detection of viral genomes, facilitated a rapid diagnosis, and enabled the use of antiviral treatment in selected cases. Common etiologies include enteroviruses, followed by arboviruses and herpesviruses. Clinical presentation is not specific and includes fever, headache, and variable evidence of meningeal irritation. Prognosis overall is favorable.