New pyridine and chromene scaffolds as potent vasorelaxant and anticancer agents

Abstract

Based on studies that have reported the association between cancer and cardiovascular diseases, new series of pyridine- (3a-o) and/or chromene- (4a-e) carbonitrile analogous were designed, synthesized and screened for their vasodilation and cytotoxic properties. The majority of the new chemical entities demonstrated significant vasodilation efficacies, compounds3a,3h,3j,3m,3o,4dand4eexhibited the most promising potency with IC50= 437.9, 481.0, 484.5, 444.8, 312.1, 427.6 and 417.2 μM, respectively, exceeding prazosin hydrochloride (IC50= 487.3 μM). Compounds3b-e,3kand3lalso, revealed moderate vasodilation activity with IC50values ranging from 489.7 to 584.5 μM. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity evaluation of the experimental compounds at 10 μM on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines illustrated the excellent anti-proliferative properties of derivatives3d,3gand3i. Compound3dwas the most potent analogue with IC50= 4.55 ± 0.88 and 9.87 ± 0.89 μM against MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231, respectively. Moreover, compound3dstimulated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase in MCF-7 cells in addition to its capability in accumulation of cells in pre-G1 phase and activating caspase-3. Furthermore, the molecular docking of3dwas performed to discover the binding modes within the active site of caspase-3.3d, as the only common bi-functional agent among the tested hits, demonstrated that new pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives bearing cycloheptyl ring systems offer potential as new therapeutic candidates with combined vasodilation and anticancer properties.