Imaging in percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Abstract

With regard to patient selection for PNL, planning of percutaneous access, intraoperative guidance and postoperative evaluation of potential complications and stone-free status, imaging plays a crucial role. In this chapter the role of current imaging modalities is discussed, and focus is made on how appropriate imaging studies may lead to safe and efficacious percutaneous renal surgery. The role of the various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative imaging tools is discussed. Furthermore, possible future scenarios with regard to imaging in PNL are briefl y touched.