Multiplikasi Tunas dan Induksi Perakaran pada Ubi Kelapa (Dioscorea alata L.) dan Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Dioscorea sp. (yam) is one of the minor tuber crops which grows wildly in the forest and only a few of its species are cultivated and used as main or secondary food. Conservation is needed to preserve plant genetic material. The objective of this research was to obtain methods of plantlets propagation of D. alata L. and D. esculenta L. through in vitro culture. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD in 2012. The research consisted of three stages. First, shoot emergence. In this experiment, young shoots were planted in MS basic medium combined with benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l) and gibberelic acid (GA) (0 and 5 mg/l). Second, shoot multiplication. Shoots of Dioscorea which were planted in the best medium of the first experiment were subcultured in MS medium combined with thidiazuron (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg/l). Third, root initiation. Shoots of Dioscorea which were planted in the best medium of the second experiment were subcultured in MS medium (½ MS and 1 MS) combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l). Result of these experiments showed that shoot emergence of D. alata L. and D. esculenta L. began at 2 weeks after planting in MS medium. More plantlets of D. alata L. and D. esculenta L. were obtained by shoot multiplication in MS media. Root initiation of the Dioscorea began at 4 weeks after planting in MS media. The addition of IBA (3–5 mg/l) on D. esculenta L. could not stimulate rooting but led to the formation of callus at the base of the stem buds.