A clinical and pathological study of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer

Abstract

(Background) Thirty-one patients with prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy and simultaneous pelvic lymphadenectomy at Matsumoto National Hospital between 1988 and 1994. Prognostic factors are discussed from their clinicopathological finding. (Methods) The patients ranged from 54 to 80- year-old, with an average age of 69.9 years. The median follow-up period was 44 months. The diagnosis was confirmed by needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate. All the patients received short-term endocrine therapy preoperatively, and only noncuratively resected patients underwent adjuvant therapy postoperatively. At initial diagnosis, the tumor grades were well, moderately, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 9, 12, and 10 patients, respectively. The clinical stage was defined as A2, B, C, D1, and D2 in 12, 4, 6, 3, and 6 patients, respectively. (Results) A difference of tumor grade was found between the initial diagnosis and the final diagnosis based on the resected prostate in 8 patients (26%), with 7 of them (88%) showing an increase in grade in the final diagnosis. Also revealed was that 11 of the 25 patients (44%) in stage A2, B, C, or D1 had been understaged preoperatively. The five-year actuarial survival rates were 100%, 92% and 51% for patients with well, moderately, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively, with a significant difference noted between well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.03). Recurrence only developed in patients with pathological stage D tumors. However, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis did not affect the crude 5-year survival rate. Several stage D patients were successfully treated by radical prostatectomy and adjuvant therapy, achieving long survival. (Conclusion) These results indicate that patients in clinical stage C have tumors which exhibit differing biological behavior. These patients should be analyzed and classified more precisely so that the most appropriate therapy can be chosen.