Vascular catheter-related infections

Abstract

Vascular catheters are essential for the care of critically ill patients, those with cancer, and patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, catheter use carries the risk of infection either locally at the site of insertion or systemically as bloodstream infections. Catheter colonization with various organisms, with altered growth rate, building a biofilm matrix resistant to penetration by antimicrobials, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of such infections. Recent advances in diagnostic methods can help salvage the catheter and prevent its unnecessary removal. Management of catheter-related infections depends on the type of catheter, the organism identified, and the complexity of the infection. Novel preventive strategies have been developed and can help eliminate the risk of these serious infections.