Paraspinous myopathies: The dropped head and bent spine syndromes

Abstract

Paraspinous myopathy is also referred to as isolated neck extensor myopathy (INEM) (dropped head syndrome) and isolated trunk extensor myopathy (ITEM) (bent spine syndrome and camptocormia). This increasingly recognized entity may be isolated or be a feature of various neurological and neuromuscular disorders. This chapter discusses the causes and differential diagnosis of paraspinous myopathies including its diagnosis and management.