The two types of proteasomes with apparent sedimentation coefficients of 20S and 26S consist of a number of heterogeneous polypeptides and are unusually large protein complexes of approximately 750 kDa and 2000 kDa, respectively. The 26S proteasome is a cylindrical caterpillar-shaped complex with a symmetrical assembly of a four-layered central 20S proteasome and two terminal 22S regulators each with a V-like structure. The central core and the terminal structures are formed by multiple polypeptides with molecular masses of 21-31 kDa and 28-112 kDa, respectively. We have been studying their detailed structures by protein-chemical and molecular biological techniques. In this review, we summarize the structural features of eukaryotic 20S and 26S proteasomes. We also discuss the possible function(s) of the terminal multi-protein regulator complex based on current information.
CITATION STYLE
Tanaka, K., Tamura, T., Tanahashi, N., & Tsurumi, C. (1996). Protein and gene structures of 20S and 26S proteasomes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 389, 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0335-0_23
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