More Complex Models of Optimal Behavior Among Hunter-Gatherers

Abstract

More complex optimal foraging models include those that incorporate a number of interactive elements that simpler models overlook. The linear programming model is one that addresses overarching goals or strategic solutions and is designed to incorporate an array of currencies and constraints. Models incorporating resource variability and risk include the Z-score model, which is most appropriate to situations in which individuals—either single individuals or individual groups—are forced to act independently, either because of their isolation or because they are competing with one another. Analysis of the social context of forager sharing in response to variations in resource variability and predator–prey dynamics in relation to environmental carrying capacity also produce interesting and often counterintuitive results. Certainly, as models become more realistic they also emerge as more complicated. However, such model building and testing is essential to our understanding of evolutionary trends and compliments our science with provocative results.