Septoria leaf spot of Stevia rebaudiana in Canada and methods for screening for resistance

Abstract

The herb Stevia rebaudiana is a potential source of low-calorie sweeteners. In 1995, a severe leaf spot and blight was observed in stevia production fields and research plots in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. The disease was characterized by angular, shiny, olive-grey lesions that rapidly coalesced and were often surrounded by a chlorotic halo. Leaves quickly became necrotic and often dropped off the plant. The disease progressed upwards in the foliage during the growing season. A Septoria sp. was isolated from diseased leaves. Ten isolates (five from each of the two provinces) of the Septoria sp. were compared with respect to conidial size. Across isolates, conidia lengths and widths overlapped (grand means for length and width were 71.4 μm and 1,4 μm, respectively). Conidiogenesis was holoblastic. Morphological characteristics and disease symptoms were similar to those of Septoria steviae, previously reported only from Japan. It was concluded that the Canadian isolates belonged to S. steviae. Isolates from Canada did not differ significantly from one another with respect to effects of temperature on colony growth or germination of conidia. Optimum temperatures for these parameters were between 20 and 25°C. In field trials, the pathogen was shown to successfully over-winter in diseased leaf tissue. In order to develop procedures for identification of resistant germplasm and greenhouse screening of candidate fungicides, effects of leaf wetness period, inoculum concentration, and plant age on disease development were determined. Thirty-six hours of leaf wetness were required for consistent development of leaf spots. Inoculum concentrations of 5 x 105 conidia/ml or more were required to produce high disease severities; 6-week-old plants were more susceptible than older plants. In the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field trials, germplasm selections with high levels of resistance to S. steviae were identified. This is the first report of resistance to this disease in S. rebaudiana.