Constraints on neutron star mass and radius in GS 1826-24 from sub-Eddington X-ray bursts

Abstract

We investigate the constraints on neutron star mass and radius in GS 1826-24 from models of light curves and spectral evolution of type I X-ray bursts. This source shows remarkable agreement with theoretical calculations of burst energies, recurrence times, and light curves. We first exploit this agreement to set the overall luminosity scale of the observed bursts. When combined with a measured blackbody normalization, this leads to a distance- and anisotropy-independent measurement of the ratio between the redshift 1 + z and color-correction factor f c. We find 1 + z = 1.19-1.28 for f c = 1.4-1.5. We then compare the evolution of the blackbody normalization with flux in the cooling tail of bursts with predictions from spectral models of Suleimanov et al. The observations are well described by the models at luminosities greater than about one-third of the peak luminosity, with deviations emerging at luminosities below that. We show that this comparison leads to distance-independent upper limits on R ∞ and neutron star mass of R ∞ ≲ 9.0-13.2 km and M < 1.2-1.7 M ⊙, respectively, for solar abundance of hydrogen at the photosphere and a range of metallicity and surface gravity. The radius limits are low in comparison to previous measurements. This may be indicative of a subsolar hydrogen fraction in the GS 1826-24 photosphere, or of larger color corrections than that predicted by spectral models. Our analysis also gives an upper limit on the distance to GS 1826-24 of d < 4.0-5.5 kpc ξ-1/2b, where ξb is the degree of anisotropy of the burst emission. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.