Haematological Features and Urologic Pathologies of Diabetic Subjects at Bafoussam Regional Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background . Diabetes mellitus is at the origin of long-term complications. Objective . This study is aimed at assessing the haematological features and urologic pathologies of diabetic individuals at Bafoussam Regional Hospital. Methods . This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to May 2019 in Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic data. A trained nurse measured the physical and clinical features. Fasting plasma glucose was determined using the glucose meter Accu-Chek Active system. The full blood count (FBC) was carried out using Automatic full Blood Counter, and the CD4, CD3, and CD8 T-cell counts were determined using the flow cytometry method. Results . There were 455 diabetic patients, and 50 nondiabetic patients were included. The mean age of diabetic patients ( 56.94 ± 14.33 years) was higher compared to that of nondiabetic individuals ( 34.76 ± 14.35 years) ( p < 0.001 ). There was a significant relationship between married individuals ( χ 2 = 79.19 , p < 0.001 , and d f = 4 ), housewife and retired ( χ 2 = 1117.38 , p < 0.001 , and d f = 37 ), old age (40 years and above) ( χ 2 = 79.11 , p < 0.001 , and d f = 3 ), and diabetes status. Diabetic patients had an odds of 5.52 to experience a urinary urge as compared to the controls ( p < 0.001 , 95% CI = 2.15 -14.22). The majority of haematological parameters were negatively but not significantly correlated with diabetes. Binary logistic regression shows that MCV ( r = − 0.251 , OR = 0.778 , and 95% CI = 0.617 –0.983; p = 0.035 ) and RDW-CV ( r = − 0.477 , OR = 0.620 , and 95% CI = 0.454 –0.848; p = 0.003 ) negatively influence the probability of having diabetes. RDW-SD ( r = 0.135 , OR = 1.144 , and 95% CI = 1.014 –1.291; p = 0.029 ) positively influences the probability of having diabetes. Conclusion . This study revealed a significant haematological and urological profile difference according to diabetes status. Research and interventions targeted at diabetic population could help close gaps in diabetes complications.