A REVIEW OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is considered the critical health pandemic  of 21st century. Due to their extremely high rate of transmission  people are more susceptible to viral infection. The airborne  transmission considered to be the dominant over other route of  transmissions. Viral RNA affiliated with droplets smaller than 5  micro meters has been detected in air and the virus has been shown  to preserve infectivity in droplets of this size. Mechanism: The modes of transmissions of virus is through direct  contact and through inhaling aerosols. Transmission of SARS-CoV 2 could be directed not only by temperature and humidity but also by  water and sewage, among other perspective factors. Airborne or  aerosol transmission occurs by the direct spray of large droplets onto  conjunctiva or mucous membranes. The optimum temperature and  humidity for the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro were 4 degree  Celsius and 20-80% resp. 1-10 um aerosol particles are sufficiently  large to carry a viable viral particle load. Under optimal conditions  of humidity & temperature, the aerosol droplets of all sizes can travel  up to 7-8 m. As the size of aerosol decrease, their ability to disperse  in air increase.  Discussion: . The effect of transmission or spreadness of this virus is  in a very sudden manner. The review of few studies shows that the  behavior or mode of action of SARS-CoV-2 virus has been  remarkable or unique with more survival rate and viable rates in the  air and believed to remain in the air for extended period. This study  is exploratory in nature and aims to carry out the nature of  transmission of virus as a airborne transmission and their relationship  with the environment.