Müllerian (Paramesonephric) anomalies and associated Wolffian (Mesonephric) duct malformations

Abstract

The Müllerian ducts (mesodermal origin) are primordial roots of the internal female reproductive organs and differentiate to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and upper one third of the vagina. The mean incidence of uterine malformations in the general population is 4.3%, while women with infertility have a 3-6% incidence of abnormality. Patients with recurrent miscarriage have an even higher incidence. This chapter reviews the embryological basis of these important abnormalities and their clinical ramifications. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.